• The Case for Combining a Large Low‐Band Very High Frequency Transmitter With Multiple Receiving Arrays for Geospace Research: A Geospace Radar 

      Hysell, David; Chau, Jorge Luis; Coles, William A; Milla, Marco; Obenberger, Kenneth; Vierinen, Juha (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-07-09)
      We argue that combining a high‐power, large‐aperture radar transmitter with several large‐aperture receiving arrays to make a geospace radar—a radar capable of probing near‐Earth space from the upper troposphere through to the solar corona—would transform geospace research. We review the emergence of incoherent scatter radar in the 1960s as an agent that unified early, pioneering research in geospace ...
    • Solar Flare Effects on 150-km Echoes Observed Over Jicamarca: WACCM-X Simulations 

      Pedatella, Nick; Chau, Jorge Luis; Vierinen, Juha; Qian, L; Reyes, Pablo; Kudeki, Erhan; Lehmacher, G; Oppenheim, Meers (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2019-09-11)
      Jicamarca Radio Observatory observations and Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere‐ionosphere eXtension (WACCM‐X) simulations are used to investigate the effects of the September 7, 2005 X‐17 solar flare on 150‐km echoes, electron densities, and vertical plasma drifts. The solar flare produces a remarkably similar response in the observed 150‐km echoes and simulated electron ...
    • Solved and unsolved riddles about low-latitude daytime valley region plasma waves and 150-km echoes 

      Chau, Jorge Luis; Longley, William; Reyes, Pablo; Pedatella, Nick; Otsuka, Yuichi; Stolle, Claudia; Liu, Huixin; Vierinen, Juha; Milla, Marco; Hysell, David L.; Oppenheim, Meers; Patra, A.; Lehmacher, G; Kudeki, Erhan (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-02-27)
      The Earth’s atmosphere near both the geographic and magnetic equators and at altitudes between 120 and 200 km is called the low-latitude valley region (LLVR) and is among the least understood regions of the ionosphere/thermosphere due to its complex interplay of neutral dynamics, electrodynamics, and photochemistry. Radar studies of the region have revealed puzzling daytime echoes scattered from ...
    • Sparse signal recovery in MIMO specular meteor radars with waveform diversity 

      Urco, Miguel; Chau, Jorge Luis; Weber, Tobias; Vierinen, Juha; Volz, Ryan (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-08-15)
      Since the 1950s, specular meteor radars (SMRs) have been used to study the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) dynamics. Atmospheric parameters derived from SMRs are highly dependent on the number of detected meteors and the accuracy of the meteors' locations. Recently, incoherent and coherent multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) radar approaches combined with waveform diversity have been ...
    • Zonal wavenumber diagnosis of Rossby-wave-like oscillations using paired ground-based radars 

      He, Maosheng; Yamazaki, Yosuke; Hoffmann, Peter; Hall, Chris M.; Tsutsumi, Masaki; Li, Guozhu; Chau, Jorge Luis (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-05-03)
      Free traveling Rossby wave normal modes (RNMs) are often investigated through large‐scale space‐time spectral analyses, which therefore is subject to observational availability, especially in the mesosphere. Ground‐based mesospheric observations were broadly used to identify RNMs mostly according to the periods of RNMs without resolving their horizontal scales. The current study diagnoses zonal wave ...